Thanks. I see WP has filters for default content and some others, but not for meta. 🙁 A bit hacky, but I got the desired result with some JS:
add_action( 'admin_footer', function() {
?>
<script>jQuery(function($){
var $input1 = $('.post-new-php.post-type-staff_testimonial input[name="attributes[0][heading]"]');
if(!$input1.length) return;
var $clone1 = $input1.closest('.rwmb-clone');
$clone1.siblings('.add-clone').click().click();
var $clones = $clone1.siblings('.rwmb-clone');
$input1.val('Position');
$clones.first().find('input[name^="attributes"]:first').val('Team Member');
$clones.last().find('input[name^="attributes"]:first').val('Location');
});</script>';
<?php
} );