For anyone reading this in the future, for reference here is a code that works for my use case (finally!).
{% set post_id = mb.get_post_id() %}
{% set author_id = mb.get_the_author_meta( 'ID' ) %}
{% set args = { 
    post_type: 'licensee', 
    relationship: { 
        id: 'user-provider', 
        from: author_id 
    } 
} %}
{% set posts = mb.get_posts( args ) %}
{% for post in posts %}
    <a href="{{ post.url }}">
        <div class="mb-container related-provider provider-related-to-user">
            <div class="provider-logo">
                {% set field = attribute( post, '_thumbnail_id' ) %}
                {% if field is defined %}
                    {% for item in field %}
                        <img src="{{ item.medium.url }}" alt="{{ item.medium.alt }}">
                    {% endfor %}
                {% endif %}
            </div>
            <div class="provider-name">
                <span>{{ post.title }}</span>
            </div>
        </div>
    </a>
{% endfor %}
Nobody here could help me apparently, but ChatGPT helped me without hesitation. Working code, awesome!