For anyone reading this in the future, for reference here is a code that works for my use case (finally!).
{% set post_id = mb.get_post_id() %}
{% set author_id = mb.get_the_author_meta( 'ID' ) %}
{% set args = {
post_type: 'licensee',
relationship: {
id: 'user-provider',
from: author_id
}
} %}
{% set posts = mb.get_posts( args ) %}
{% for post in posts %}
<a href="{{ post.url }}">
<div class="mb-container related-provider provider-related-to-user">
<div class="provider-logo">
{% set field = attribute( post, '_thumbnail_id' ) %}
{% if field is defined %}
{% for item in field %}
<img src="{{ item.medium.url }}" alt="{{ item.medium.alt }}">
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="provider-name">
<span>{{ post.title }}</span>
</div>
</div>
</a>
{% endfor %}
Nobody here could help me apparently, but ChatGPT helped me without hesitation. Working code, awesome!