I've tested again with a custom post type "Book" and it works for me:
https://i.imgur.com/aYVSoZ0.png
Here is my code:
add_filter( 'rwmb_meta_boxes', 'your_prefix_post_demo' );
function your_prefix_post_demo( $meta_boxes ) {
$meta_boxes[] = array(
'title' => __( 'Post Field Demo', 'textdomain' ),
'post_types' => 'book',
'fields' => array(
array(
'name' => __( 'Post', 'textdomain' ),
'id' => 'post',
'type' => 'post',
'post_type' => array( 'book' ),
'field_type' => 'select_advanced',
'placeholder' => __( 'Select an Item', 'textdomain' ),
'query_args' => array(
'post_status' => 'publish',
'posts_per_page' => - 1,
'order' => 'ASC',
'orderby' => 'name',
),
),
),
);
return $meta_boxes;
}
Do you run any plugin that modifies the query? Such as WPML?