Yes, that can be done with this filter:
https://docs.metabox.io/actions/#rwmb_field_id_after_save_field
add_action( 'rwmb_YOUR_FIELD_ID_after_save_field', function( $null, $field, $new, $old, $object_id ) {
$term_ids = $new;
if ( $field['clone'] ) {
$term_ids = [];
foreach ( $new as $clone_value ) {
$term_ids = array_merge( $term_ids, $clone_value );
}
}
wp_set_post_terms( $object_id, $term_ids, 'YOUR_TAXONOMY' );
}, 10, 5 );