Hi Marco,
If you are using the builder to create the post type (via UI), please generate the PHP code and add it to the file functions.php in your theme/child theme folder to translate the CPT strings.
The builder saves the CPT settings (including strings) in the database as a post so WPML might not translate strings from post data.
Read more on this documentation https://docs.metabox.io/extensions/mb-custom-post-type/#getting-php-code