I think I just found a conflict with another plugin, WP Real Media Library.
I have added a file_advanced field to a meta box. Then I selected an .mpg file from the media library. When I edit this post again, the file is not listed (just empty space next to the label). In the developer console I get this JavaScript error:
TypeError: this.$input.data(...).map is not a function
media.js:129:51
initialize http://localhost/wp/wp-content/plugins/meta-box/js/media.js:129
Backbone 2
initMediaField http://localhost/wp/wp-content/plugins/meta-box/js/media.js:546
jQuery 2
<anonymous> http://localhost/wp/wp-content/plugins/meta-box/js/media.js:552
jQuery 4
and after that, a warning:
Source map error: request failed with status 404
Resource URL: http://localhost/wp/wp-content/plugins/real-media-library/public/lib/es7-shim/dist/es7-shim.min.js
Source Map URL: dist/es7-shim.map
When I disable WP Real Media Library, everything works as expected.