I tried this and I thought get_the_title(get_the_ID())
might work as an std but it doesn't, mainly I think due to when the filter fires.
But I think what might work is using one of the hooks, try this:
add_action( 'rwmb_frontend_after_process', function( $config, $post_id ) {
if ( 'my-meta-box' === $config['id'] ) {
$sub_title = get_the_title(get_the_ID());
update_post_meta($post_id, 'submitted_from', $sub_title);
}
}, 10, 2 );
Change "my-meta-box" to your overall meta_box id,
change "submitted_from" to the field you want to populate.
If you don't want this field to show on the front end you may have to manually hide it.
Hope this helps you.