Meta data being displayed twice (duplicated) on each admin column

Hey guys,

I have a very strange problem happening here.
MB 5.4.1 and MBAIO 1.14.0.

For every metabox I call the admin columns ('admin_colums' => true) I got the result twice, duplicated on the correspondent column. I have no idea what could be causing it. The metabox itself, inside the custom post edit screen loads corrects, just once.

But on the post list, the columns shows twice the info. Inspecting source, we have the very same DIV, with same ID, same class, same content, duplicated.

Random images taken (they are not 100% correspondent, just to show a overall view of my code):

Any suggestions?
Thank you!

G.